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Abstract Introduction: The dental radiology represents about 20% of human exposure to radiation in radio diagnostic. Although the doses practiced in intraoral dentistry are considered low, they should not be ignored due to the volume of the performed procedures. This study presents the radiation protection conditions for intraoral radiology in Curitiba - PR. Methods Data was collected through a quantitative field research of a descriptive nature during the period between September of 2013 and December of 2014. The survey sample consisted of 97 dentists and 130 intraoral equipments. The data related to the equipments was collected using structured questions and quality control evaluations. The evaluations of the entrance skin dose, the size of the radiation field and the total filtration were performed with dosimetry kits provided and evaluated by IRD/CNEN. The exposure time and voltage were measured using noninvasive detectors. The occupational dose was verified by thermoluminescent dosimeters. The existence of personal protection equipment, the type of image processing and knowledge of dentists about radiation protection were verified through the application of a questionnaire. Results Among the survey's results, it is important to emphasize that 90% of the evaluated equipments do not meet all the requirements of the Brazilian radiation protection standards. Conclusion The lack of knowledge about radiation protection, the poor operating conditions of the equipments, and the image processing through visual method are mainly responsible for the unnecessary exposure of patients to ionizing radiation.
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Introduction Intraoral film processing can be performed manually using chambers manufactured from opaque material to prevent light from entering and consequently blurring images. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether portable darkrooms used in offices, clinics and educational institutions prevent the entry of light during the processing of intraoral films. Methods To this end, tests were carried out and images were analyzed by measuring the optical base-plus-fog densities (ODs) upon imaging. Results Review of the OD measurements revealed that in 70.7% of the evaluated manual portable revelation cameras, the base-plus-veil density of intraoral films was not in accord with that of the protocol reference. Discussion The results of this work can be used to identify chambers that are commonly exposed to light from fluorescent lamps and solar lighting.
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OBJETIVO: O presente estudo consistiu em investigar a influência da radiação ionizante por raios X e raios gama sobre a estabilidade molecular de diversos meios de contraste radiológicos utilizados em exames de diagnóstico por imagem, por meio da espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de ÕH e 13C. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Oito diferentes meios de contraste iodados (três iônicos e cinco não iônicos) foram expostos à radiação por raios X e raios gama. Em seguida, espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear de ÕH e 13C{ÕH} foram coletados. RESULTADOS: Os espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C{ÕH} de ambos os meios de contraste iônicos e não iônicos irradiados por raios X ou raios gama mostraram que não houve alterações na composição química desses contrastes. CONCLUSÃO: Não há problemas em armazenar as amostras nas salas, ou próximo aos equipamentos em que são realizados os exames. Enfatiza-se que a radiação recebida pelas amostras durante os ensaios foi direta, enquanto em uma sala de exames de radiodiagnóstico a radiação é indireta e, portanto, os níveis de radiações nestes casos são bastante inferiores àqueles empregados neste estudo.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of ionizing radiation from x-rays and gamma rays on the molecular structure stability of several radiologic contrast media employed in diagnostic imaging by means of ÕH and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight different types of iodinated contrast media (three ionic and five non-ionic) were exposed to x-rays and gamma rays irradiation. Subsequently, the ÕH and 13C{ÕH} nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these contrast media were collected. RESULTS: The ÕH and 13C{ÕH} nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of both ionic and non-ionic contrast media irradiated by x-rays or gamma rays demonstrated the absence of any alteration of the contrast media chemical composition. CONCLUSION: There is no problem in keeping contrast media inside examination rooms or close to radiological equipment. It is important to mention that, during the tests, the samples were directly irradiated, while in a radiology examination room, the irradiation is not direct and, therefore, radiation levels in these cases are much lower than those employed in the present study.